In this paper, an alternative approach in operational modal analysis is presented, utilizing image processing technique and transmissibility functions. Imaging sensors do not impose additional mass on the structure due to their non-contact nature, while transmissibility functions, independent of excitation type, can directly extract mode shapes. The innovation of this research lies in combining these two techniques to record dynamic responses and identify modal properties. To capture the temporal response history from video signals, the block-matching method with sub-pixel accuracy was employed. Validation was conducted by recording the response of the tip of a cantilevered steel beam subjected to impact excitation, using a high-speed camera and a laser vibrometer, simultaneously. The RMSE plots in the time domain and the PSD in the frequency domain indicate high accuracy of this method. Using this approach, the displacement time histories of various points on the structure were extracted from the video signals, and the modal properties, including natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, were identified using the transmissibility matrix method. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method and analytical solutions. The findings reveal the accuracy of the modal identification approach introduced in this article. The highest relative error in estimating the natural frequencies of the first and second modes, compared to the values from the laser method, are 0.19% and 0.13%, respectively, and in comparison to the analytical values, they are 0.34% and 1.5%, respectively.

The production operation plays a crucial role in reducing the environmental impacts in various stages of the life cycle of products, from the extraction of materials to production, end-use, reuse, and recycling. Therefore, the process of reducing these environmental impacts in relation to production contributes to achieving competitive advantages and increased market shares. As such, discursive approaches to prevent industries from acting as pollutants are proposed. Since the medium density fiberboard industry is among the industries which consume high volumes of materials and energy, this study is considered to be a strategic model for enhancing efficiency and minimizing pollution and energy consumption within the framework of continuous improvement of the protection of the environment. To this aim, through the AHP, a three-level hierarchy, five criteria (product modification, process change, bill of material implementation, recycling, and human resources), and 45 sub-criteria were analyzed at Kimia Choob Medium Density Fiberboard Industry. The overall results showed that process change, among the main criteria, and planning to prevent unnecessary stoppage in machinery and equipment used as a sub-criterion were identified as the highest priorities. The total inconsistency ratio is 0. 1, which proves the consistency of the results.

Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

Previous studies strongly emphasize the importance of High-Tech SMEs in progress of economics as well as their devotion to delivering innovative products; however, their marketing is hindered by many constraints such as the lack of marketing knowledge and skill which leads to the failure of most of these companies. Innovative Marketing is the way high-tech SMEs cope with marketing deficiencies and challenges. The purpose of this paper is to identify Innovative Marketing constituents in High-Tech SMEs of Tehran province. Analysis of deep Interview sessions with sales and/or marketing managers of 10 High-Tech SMEs through qualitative content analysis of elements indicate that Innovative Marketing in High-Tech SMEs is made up of 8 elements, 21 sub-elements and 55 items. These elements include Marketing Variables, Customer Focus, Market Focus, Modification, Integrated Marketing, Unique Status, Positive Image and Networking. Although some elements are similar to previous researches, their constituent sub-elements are totally different. Moreover, Positive Image and Networking elements are contribution of this paper and new to the literature of innovative marketing.

In the past few decades, environmental concerns about manufacturing operations have led various organizations to take advantage of green actions in different supply chain processes, as green supply chain management as an important organizational philosophy in reducing environmental risks and a preventive approach. To increase environmental performance and achieve competitive advantage in organizations is considered. The main purpose of the present study is to identify the key indicators of green supply chain enablers and model presentation in this regard and to select the best supplier from the point of view of environmental considerations. This study is applied research and is classified as descriptive-correlational. This section first identifies the factors affecting green supply chain enablers using semistructured interviews with small and medium business managers in Isfahan. It is also presented in the quantitative part of the index ranking and finally the proposed model. The statistical population of this study is composed of all small and medium sized industries active in Isfahan province. Using simple random sampling (available), a number of companies were identified in Isfahan industrial town and questionnaires were distributed among them and the results were indexed using PLS software. The results of the interview findings on factors affecting green supply chain enablers are categorized into five selective codes of e-commerce factors, internal operations, logistics success, comprehensive quality management and innovation, and the results of factor prioritization indicate that Internal operations (0. 508%) had the greatest impact on green supply chain enablers and innovation (0. 317), logistics success (237), e-commerce (0. 222) and comprehensive quality management (0. 221). The next priorities are.

Background: Biodegradable polyesters are candidates for the development of environmental friendly plastics. Poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a type of polyester from the hydroxyalkanoates family, synthesized by bacteria as an intracellular material and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm.Objectives: The aim of this study was to isolate Poly b-hydroxybutyrate over producing bacteria and optimize the production medium.Materials and Methods: A variety of PHB-accumulating bacterial strains were isolated from Kermanshah oil refinery sludge in Iran. Poly-b-hydroxybutyrate-producing bacterial strains were confirmed by the gas chromatography method. The strain with the highest rate of PHB production was selected. Use of sugar cane molasses, a by-product of the sugar refinery industry, was investigated for the production of PHB. Plackett-Burman statistical method was employed to obtain factors in cell growth and PHB production. Optimization by the Response Surface Method (RSM) was done via two carbon sources, glucose and molasses.Results: In the present study, 21 of 63 strains isolated from the refinery oil sludge produced PHB, seven of which were over producers. Poly-b-hydroxybutyrate production was analyzed by Sudan Black B staining, spectrophotometric and gas chromatography (GC) methods. The strain with the highest rate of PHB production was used to optimize the culture medium. Fifteen factors were analyzed in PHB production by the Plackett-Burman method to find the most effective factors. Five important factors were optimized by RSM. Molasses were used as a cheap source of carbon. The maximum PHB obtained from molasses was 6.62 g/L. The phenotypic and 16S rRNA biotyping tests led to the identification of the isolate as Bacillus coagulans.Conclusions: The results suggest that B. coagulans is a good candidate for the fermentative production of PHB.

Today, Regarding to the importance of innovation, organizations are trying to promote it to gain competitive advantage and market share. In such circumstances, organizational learning capabilities can be the best way to achieve this success and take advantage of opportunities and creating innovation in different forms. In this regard, different modes of learning and innovation is important. In this article has been tried by identification and clustering of learning modes in 728 firms active in high-tech(ICT) and medium-tech (Oil&Gas, Automotive parts manufacturer) industry in Iran as a developing country to help development policies making and innovation capabilities improvement. Therefore, by defining appropriate indicators to assess learning modes by latent class method, four clusters of 1-Average DUI+STI, 2-DUI, 3-Strong(STI+DUI) 4-Moderate STI, have been recognized. Finally, the effect of the above modes on the performance of firms with logistic regression, analysed and identified So as a result we found organizations with combined STI+DUI, have achieved more success in financial growth, export and innovation.

Cleaner production helps preserve raw materials and water. It also eliminates hazardous materials and reduces the amount of emission toxicity as well as waste in the production process. This type of production is a universal strategy to make the necessary changes to technology and industry. Since factories of medium density fiberboard face such problems as excessive energy consumption and production of significant amounts of solid waste, reducing the adverse effects of these problems, in line with cleaner production strategies, should be considered a priority in planning. This article describes the results of the first phase of a research project which aimed to prioritize the cleaner production criteria in a medium density fiberboard factory through a hierarchical analysis process. After rigorous field research, the main criteria of product improvement, process change, recycling, implementation of BOM system, and human resources were identified and subsequently divided into 62 sub-criteria.

In this paper, the equations of acoustic wave scattering from hollow or fluid-filled cylindrical cavities embedded in an isotropic elastic solid are derived and the normalized backscattered pressure spectrum (form function) is plotted. When the wave strikes the body of the cylindrical cavity, surface waves are formed on the periphery of the target. These surface waves circumnavigate the body of the cavity and at certian frequencies interfere constructively and build up to the circumfrerencial resonance modes of the cylindrical cavity. The resonance modes appear as sudden pressure drops in the form functoin. We propose a new method for identification of resonance modes of the cylindrical cavity. Measurements conducted on a cylidrical cavity machined in an aluminum block indicates that the resonance modes identified in the analytical model completely agree with those observed in experimental measurements.